I think that people can be a little more helpful, however, I fully accept that as someone who feels they are ready for SSAIB / NSI Silver, the level of questions
you are asking are a little worrying, and should be basic knowledge for at least the 'lead technician' in any such approved company.
What you do not want to do is try something out, that you haven't done before, on a live, real customer.
Here is a great book on electronics, relays, diodes, etc..., and before you click, NO, I'm not joking, it's how I got started, albeit as a kid, but the book is great for any age;
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Introduction-Electronics-Basic-Guide-Beasant/dp/0860208095/ref=sr_1_20?ie=UTF8&qid=1482522212&sr=8-20&keywords=usborne+electronics